TEFL Methodology: Teacher Talking Time & Student Talking Time
- Szczegóły
- Nadrzędna kategoria: Metodyka
- Kategoria: TEFL Methodology
TEACHER TALKING TIME
STUDENT TALKING TIME
TTT - Teacher Talking Time - the amount of time during which the teacher talks in a class
STT - Student Talking Time - the amount of time during which the student talks in a class
The balance of TTT and STT depends on:
- type of a lesson
- type of activities
- level of achievement
- size of the class
- motivation
- how much T needs to control
- personalities
TTT is greater than STT when:
- T presents, clarifies, corrects
- T sets up activities and gives instructions
- T provides input (e.g. tells a story)
- in casual conversations
Positives of TTT:
- Ss develop listening skills
- Ss grasp new vocabulary in context
Negatives of TTT:
- Ss don’t speak much
- Ss may become demotivated
- language used for instructions may be not understood
How to avoid unnecessary TTT:
- give instructions below the Ss’ level
- avoid running commentaries
- be economic with words
- use visual aids and gestures
- don’t repeat yourself unless necessary
- don’t automatically echo Ss
How to encourage STT:
- speak English yourself
- praise
- use warm-ups
- use visual aids and gestures
- monitor group work and remind Ss to use English
- place yourself near to the “English-resistant” group
- set time limit for performing tasks
- start with controlled activities
- discuss reasons for speaking English
- ask Ss to try to translate your instructions
Bibliography
Bartram, M. and Walton, R. 1991. Correction. Mistake Management. Language Teaching Publications: 1991.
Brumfit, C. 1994. Communicative Methodology in Language Teaching. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Byrne, D. 1990. Teaching Oral Skills. Harlow: Longman.
Byrne, D. 1990b. Teaching Writing Skills. Harlow: Longman.
Harmer, J. 2001. The Practice of English Language Teaching. Harlow: Longman.
Ur, P. 1996. A Course in Language Teaching. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
